Definition
Breath sounds are the noises produced by the structures of the lungs during breathing.
Alternative Names
Lung sounds; Breathing sounds
Considerations
The lung sounds are best heard with a stethoscope. This is called auscultation.
Normal lung sounds occur in all parts of the chest area, including above the collarbones and at the bottom of the rib cage.
Using a stethoscope, the doctor may hear normal breathing sounds, decreased or absent breath sounds, and abnormal breath sounds.
Absent or decreased sounds can mean:
- Air or fluid in or around the lungs (such as
pneumonia ,heart failure , andpleural effusion ) - Increased thickness of the chest wall
- Over-inflation of a part of the lungs (
emphysema can cause this) - Reduced airflow to part of the lungs
There are several types of abnormal breath sounds. The four most common are:
- Rales
- Rhonchi
- Stridor
Wheezing
Rales are small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lungs. They are believed to occur when air opens closed air spaces. Rales can be further described as moist, dry, fine, and course.
Rhonchi are sounds that resemble snoring. They occur when air is blocked or becomes rough through the large airways.
Wheezes are high-pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways. They can be heard when a person breathes out (exhales). Wheezing and other abnormal sounds can sometimes be heard without a stethoscope.
Stridor is a wheeze-like sound heard when a person breathes. Usually it is due to a blockage of airflow in the windpipe (trachea) or in the back of the throat.
Common Causes
- Acute
bronchitis Asthma Bronchiectasis - Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema Interstitial lung disease - Foreign body obstruction of the airway
Pneumonia Pulmonary edema - Tracheobronchitis
Call your health care provider if
Contact your health care provider if you have wheezing or other abnormal breathing sounds.
Your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask you questions about your medical history and your breathing.
Questions may include:
- When did the breathing sound start?
- How long did it last?
- How would you describe your breathing?
- What makes it better or worse?
- What other symptoms do you have?
The health care provider usually discovers abnormal breath sounds. You may not even notice them.
The following tests may be done:
- Analysis of a sputum sample (
sputum culture ,sputum Gram stain ) - Blood tests (including an arterial
blood gas ) Chest x-ray CT scan of the chestPulmonary function tests